Information storage and retrieval systems.]]> https://repository.nyitlibrary.org/files/original/6f31c1c1eb87eb71c86372098cbd2369.pdf]]> https://repository.nyitlibrary.org/files/original/2ccbc9ce926c5653571c27e712f6ef6e.pdf]]> Research - Finance]]> https://repository.nyitlibrary.org/files/original/6a175b53b93a1bed622d0b27c8394edb.pdf]]>
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Cetacean vertebrae
Failed predation
Harmful algal bloom
Miocene
Otodus megalodon
Seizure
Shear-compression fracture
Acid
Algal bloom
Cetacean
Compression
Fracture
Miocene
Pathology
Predation
Shark
Shear
Tooth
Toxicity]]>
A single megatoothed shark tooth from Otodus megalodon was found with the vertebra. It is not known if the tooth came to be there serendipitously, or if it was associated because it was lost as a result of the possible originating failed predation event, or during a final successful predation or subsequent scavenging event.

The fractures are severe and unlikely to have had an endogenous origin like convulsions, seizures, or spasms. Seizures can cause vertebral fractures in humans, including elderly adults with poor bone health as well as physically fit younger individuals. Seizures causing injuries of this magnitude have not been observed in cetaceans, though domoic acid toxicity from harmful algal blooms are known to cause seizures in cetaceans, and are implicated in the deaths of neonatal skim-feeding mysticetes. It is unlikely, but possible, that a large mysticete would be affected by domoic acid toxicity to the point of a spinal fracture-causing seizure. Similarly, protozoal infections are known to cause seizures in cetaceans, though physical diagnosis of this is impossible in a fossil. Partly healed bone fractures of the face from possible collisions with the seafloor have been reported from fossil mysticetes of shallower regions of this fauna, but a spinal fracture this far back in the spinal column seems unlikely to be the result of a seafloor collision. Even though the cause of the vertebral hyperflexion and resulting trauma is unknown, a plausible cause was a crushing ambush delivered by a macropredatory shark or macroraptorial physeteroid. In spite of extant cetaceans being subjected to anthropogenically-induced trauma, which include vessel-strike blunt force injuries of many different kinds, shear-compression fractures and periosteal reactions like the ones detailed here have not yet been reported in extant cetaceans. Therefore, we consider the fracture as likely due to an impact from a predator, such as Otodus megalodon, or possibly from seizures due to a harmful algal bloom and resulting domoic acid toxicity. In either scenario, the cetacean survived.]]> Palaeontologia Electronica, Article 25.3.a28, September 2022]]> https://repository.nyitlibrary.org/files/original/625ed29d2da781f30e49559144d0beca.pdf]]> https://doi.org/10.26879/1171]]> https://repository.nyitlibrary.org/files/original/9e079669c9fb8a5919f00cb9b79c8847.pdf]]> English literature--Computer-assisted instruction--Evaluation.]]> https://repository.nyitlibrary.org/files/original/a804538ed91e0a1c2da382acb56ca964.pdf]]> Architecture—Psychological aspects]]> https://repository.nyitlibrary.org/files/original/9824f89466b4a65f1bb841cd6d35b7a0.pdf]]> https://repository.nyitlibrary.org/files/original/eb99c884781805eacb48fdd0a7ba868e.pdf]]> Refuse and refuse disposal.]]> https://repository.nyitlibrary.org/files/original/75e3402d93aa1209ef752dd8138f17e9.pdf]]> https://repository.nyitlibrary.org/files/original/fdc3ddc3a2080f47423bc3be33e73606.pdf]]> https://repository.nyitlibrary.org/files/original/a73a0e3ff109e83368f65ecf186956bb.pdf]]> Korean Americans]]> https://repository.nyitlibrary.org/files/original/de1d558233bc7dc1127cc30472178fc2.pdf]]> https://repository.nyitlibrary.org/files/original/b57b107df7b3fb2db64d2ff3939184fc.pdf]]> https://repository.nyitlibrary.org/files/original/2ff555d8f277028e180c7e7b6357a975.pdf]]> Student financial aid administration]]> https://repository.nyitlibrary.org/files/original/40b58cbf9e40e8fd805b97dc93b0c3b0.pdf]]> https://repository.nyitlibrary.org/files/original/6029c2f6a0db2415596aea9248504889.pdf]]> https://repository.nyitlibrary.org/files/original/c968585362252ebe678889657f4d81d4.pdf]]> ]]> https://repository.nyitlibrary.org/files/original/9abcab84643f30afc033908263e22886.pdf]]> Oil well drilling rigs—Designs and plans]]> https://repository.nyitlibrary.org/files/original/20c9ac1e0dd379a52208b4c0ae7bdbef.pdf]]> https://repository.nyitlibrary.org/files/original/3a93db14fc3a65a872a42da22c6f3ced.pdf]]>